Water Pollution with Sollution Essay Example

Water Pollution with Sollution Paper At the point when poisonous substances enter lakes, streams, waterways, seas, and other water bodies, This outcomes in the contamination of Water contamination has numerous sources. The most dirtying of them are the city sewage and mechanical waste released into the waterways. Horticultural run-off, or the water from the fields that channels into streams, is another significant water poison as it contains composts and pesticides. Residential sewage squander water that is disposed of from families called clean sewage, such water is sullied The principle natural materials are food and vegetable waste, plant supplement originate from compound cleansers, washing powders, and so on. Residential sewage is additionally liable to contain infection causing microorganisms. In this way, removal of residential waste water is a huge specialized issue. Today, numerous individuals dump their trash into streams, lakes, waterways, and oceans, Today cleaning items are manufactured cleansers and originated from the petrochemical business. Most cleansers and washing powders contain phosphates, which are utilized to relax the water in addition to other things. These and different synthetic substances contained in washing powders influence the wellbeing of all types of life in the water. Horticultural Run off The high nitrate content in groundwater is for the most part from water system run-off from farming fields where compound manures have been utilized unpredictably. Mechanical effluents During the most recent fifty years, the quantity of ventures in India has developed quickly. Squander water from assembling or substance forms in enterprises adds to water contamination. Most significant enterprises have treatment offices for mechanical effluents. Be that as it may, this isn't the situation with little scope enterprises, which can't bear the cost of tremendous interests in contamination control gear as their overall revenue is slim. We will compose a custom paper test on Water Pollution with Sollution explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Water Pollution with Sollution explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Water Pollution with Sollution explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Impacts of water contamination The impacts of water contamination are wrecking to individuals as well as to creatures, fish, and fowls. Dirtied water is unsatisfactory for drinking, diversion, agribusiness, and industry. It lessens the stylish nature of lakes and waterways. It's not possible for anyone to get away from the impacts of water contamination. The individual and the network can help limit water contamination. By straightforward housekeeping the executives rehearses the measure of waste created can be limited. Arrangement on water contamination The requirement for water contamination arrangements that work is developing strongly. In spite of laws that are intended to shield our water from toxins and contaminants, water contamination keeps on being an exceptionally huge piece of our planets risk. There are numerous laws set up to help shield the waters from contamination. In any case, authorization of these laws is extremely thin. Since the Ocean is an immense domain, numerous vessels are as yet releasing and dumping legitimately into our seas and harming them With contaminants. Ecological police have assumed responsibility for implementing water contamination arrangements. They have focused on everybody from conveyance vehicles to the biggest and wealthiest organizations in the city. In the event that more urban communities would take action accordingly, we would be well en route to shielding our planet from painful water supplies. Answers for Water Pollution Ð'â ± What You Can DO Outside of upholding the ebb and flow laws and making significantly harder guidelines to forestall the proceeded with contamination of water, there are committed and generally straightforward goals that everybody can partake in so we can give water contamination answers for the normal resident. Straightforward advances like driving half breed vehicles and utilizing home water coolers can decrease water contamination. Littering in any structure can likewise make extra contamination. Rationing clean water supplies can be useful from numerous points of view, including forestalling the requirement for utilization of spoiled water supplies For example, if everybody upheld clean horticulture here would never again be a business opportunity for farming that is liable for toxic spillover and ground water contamination . Acculturative is simpler than any time in recent memory to perceive in view of the new gauges for natural marking. Natural nourishments imply that there were no pesticides or other hurtful contaminants utilized in growing out of the food. At the point when a food item is marked natural, government law necessitates that it meets measures for being 75% natural or better. At the point when a food item is named 100% natural it meets the standards for being 99% natural or better. 100% natural nourishments remember the dirt for which the item was developed as ell as the procedure of which the item was bundled, transported, and appropriated. Be that as it may, supporting associations you are supporting water contamination arrangements through clean farming. The conservation of regular wetlands gives a generally straightforward water contamination arrangement. Wetlands fill in as natures channel and make a characteristic buffering zone between the water and Thailand. The tremendous measure of different vegetation, normally happening microorganisms and green growth, unpredictable quality assistance to channel ruinous contaminations. Wetlands can be effectively protected through replanting endeavors. Planting suitable foliage channel a wetland endure. While a few wetlands have been filled and created, wetlands tend tomato rather poor situations to expand upon. Sorts of water contamination Despite the numerous kinds of water contamination numerous individuals despite everything consider this to be a solitary source issue,usually reprimanding large business for the consumption of numerous normal waterways and the life inside. Whew large business is mostly to fault, mortgage holders, recreational and proficient boaters, Andean ranchers can add to the state of the planets water. Something as straightforward as flicking a cigarette butt out the window, which is frequently diverted bistros depletes that may in the long run void out into inlets, streams, or seas, prompts rather fundamental buttonholing contaminations in the waters of the world. We would all be able to add to tidying up the planetary we as a whole understand that we have a mutual culpability in its wellbeing. Different sorts of water contamination point to the various sources that can cause poisons fabric the conduits. Demonstration of water contamination Separating water contamination realities from water contamination fantasies is somewhat similar to isolating paradoxical expression hydrogen With tweezers. The realities about water contamination have gotten fairly stirred up in the middle of publicity, trust, talented cross section turn, and a large group of different issues that have been esteemed wash famous they as increasingly significant. However it is essential to teach oneself with regards to the water contamination gives that are confronting only the nation, yet the entire world. Marine biological systems are something other than fascinating spots to water ski. They are the lifes blood of the planet. Without marine environments there would be no planet, and no life. That is the reason saving our water is so imperative to guaranteeing that the planet has a more brilliant tomorrow. Above all else, it is critical to perceive that not the entirety of the poisons cap end up in the water business water based exercises. Truth be told, a fascinating water contamination actuality uncovers that solitary 20% of the poisons in seas, waterways, straights, streams, lakes, and different waterways come firewater based exercises The staying 8 0% is gotten from land based exercises . This implies it isn't only transportability of the sea shore goers to tidy up the sea. We are on the whole answerable for doing what debilitate to secure and protect the planets water supplies. Another intriguing though to be expected water contamination reality uncovers that asserting a piece of that% of contamination due o water based exercises is brought about by journey ships . A multi week voyage on journey ships yields in excess of a million gallons of dark water. Dark water alludes to squander water that has been corrupted by cleansers, cleansers, and different wellsprings of negative natural effect however does exclude human waste. These cleansers and cleansers dim water can truly harm the biological system and dirty the water which thusly salvageable untamed life. These coasting urban communities are likewise answerable for delivering more than 200,000 gallons of crude sewage,much of which is dumped during sea travel. The master water, which is stacked with oils, disulfide, and different toxins can represent at any rate 35,000 gallons of week by week defilement. The greater part of us feel we have no influence over how a voyage transport works and many have never at any point been on one-So lets move a portion of our water contamination realities closer to home. Giggling risks marlinespike, which intrudes on the equalization of the biological system. Yearly, plastic litter is answerable for the passings of more than 1 00,000 marine warm blooded creatures like porpoises and ocean otters. This equivalent plastic contamination is answerable for the passings of in any event a million ocean feathered creatures sub- current like pelicans and gulls. It is extremely unlikely to precisely count the quantity of fish deathwatches by plastic contamination however the appraisals are up close to three or 4,000,000 on a yearly premise. Littering and an inability to reuse plastics, regardless of whether you dont live close to the coastline, have some entirely sensational results. Care contamination is commonly a solitary component brought about by one primary source. A modernly into a stream would be a case of meticulousness contamination. On the other hand, unassumingness contamination is the consequence of various reasons for contaminants Thatcher contamination. These contaminations can travel huge spans as spillover or thoroughwort downpours. Surface water contamination is the most unmistakable type of water defilement. This is the contamination that can be noticeably observed gliding on the highest point of the water. While surface water contaminations regularly as garbage it can likewise be synthetically based, for example, fuel or oil spills

Forms Recruitment In A Public Organization â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The Forms Recruitment In A Public Organization? Answer: Introducation The Human Resource offices most basic obligation is the enrollment and determination process. As indicated by Billsberry (2008), this office is entrusted with the urgent job of setting the correct candidates into their individual situations in the activities. Enrollment is fundamentally the procedure through which an association searches and pools applicants with the significant experience, aptitudes, and information important to empower the association to select simply the best-qualified up-and-comers who meet the depiction and work standards of the empty position (Dineed, 2011). The procedure intends to unite the most stretched out conceivable pool so as to improve the odds of choosing the best individuals for the jobs. Employing the most qualified candidates may end up being an upper hand for Woolworths because of the expanded profitability and hierarchical effectiveness. Woolworths is an Australian general store chain with central station in Bella Vista, Australia. Being among the biggest associations in Australia, the grocery store utilizes an enormous number of individuals (Arli et al., 2013). Woolworths values embracing an enrollment procedure that is carefully dependent on the up-and-comers demonstrable skill, experience, and legitimacy. Woolworths Human Resources office is committed to adhere to the organization's enlistment rules and guidelines just as the Australias Employment Opportunity Legislation, the Privacy Act, and Anti-Discrimination laws (Nutall, 2007). Issue Analysis Inability to choose a skillful up-and-comer may bring about troublesome and unfriendly consequences for the association, for example, client assistance complexities, operational disturbances, relational clashes, and diminished profitability (Swider, Zimmerman and Barrick, 2015). When the association distinguishes the applicant pool, a choice procedure is utilized to pick the most qualified up-and-comers. The choice procedure includes exercises, for example, testing, reference checking, fitness tests, and interviews.Thisensures the most fitting competitors are chosen utilizing impartial, reasonable and successful exercises. Venture Proposal This enlistment plan intends to feature the Human Resource the executives offices enrollment and choice procedures in Woolworths grocery store. The investigation dissects the noteworthiness of the undertaking, the dangers in question, partner examination and systems Woolworths HR group will uphold to execute the enrollment plan while endeavoring to help accomplish the authoritative objective in a financially savvy manner.The enlistment technique might be implemented inside Australia as it centers around utilizing a workforce to possess jobs in nearby grocery stores. The goals of this enrollment and choice arrangement include: Increment the size of the candidates pool in order to improve the chance of choosing great applicants. Implementing powerful strategies to break down the capacities, experience, and expert abilities of candidates. Select a certified workforce ready to assist Woolworths with accomplishing its hierarchical goaland improve effectiveness. This enlistment plan implemented by Woolworths furnishes the association with different advantages. A deliberately actualized arrangement will profit Woolworths and help the organization accomplish its general business objectives and destinations. The enrollment task will assist Woolworths with guaranteeing that they have the fundamental qualities, information, and applicable aptitudes that the association requires to accomplish its drawn out objectives and current operational needs. The enlistment venture which will be severe and acutely observed will bring about the enrollment of a profoundly viable workforce prepared to emphatically affect the association (Narchal, 2013). The choice standards will be implemented by approved HR work force with exacting directions to submit to the set-out enrollment guidelines. The candidates will additionally be presented to different meeting stages and intensive examinations concerning their past occupations and ethicalinclinations. Able applicant s with the essential abilities and capabilities to assist Woolworths with accomplishing their drawn out objectives and operational necessities will be chosen. The task will additionally assist Woolworths with meeting its gracefully and request prerequisites. A profoundly compelling workforce chose because of the enrollment task will empower Woolworths to meet its client assistance demandsin a proficient way. Woolworths serves an enormous base of clients spread in different districts and areas (Stevens, Plaut and Sanchez-Burks, 2008). The organization, along these lines, need to guarantee they have an able workforce to fulfill the clients need and inclinations. This enrollment undertaking will assist Woolworths with accomplishing consumer loyalty. A deliberately executed system will build the hierarchical proficiency of Woolworths. The organization must authorize powerful measures to guarantee all tasks and exercises are working in an ideal manner.Organizational effectiveness guarantees the applicable organizations are fruitful in accomplishing their targets. Any fruitful organization is driven by a certified workforce filling in as a group to accomplish the hierarchical objectives. This enrollment task will give Woolworths a group fit for working durably to encourage authoritative effectiveness. Authoritative Fit Analysis The enrollment must supplement the authoritative structure of Woolworths.The primary point of Woolworths enlistment and determination process is to encourage the improvement of hierarchical productivity and benefit. Corresponding to the enrollment plan, a partner is any gathering intrigued by what the enlistment and choice procedure accomplishes (Breaugh, 2017). These gatherings may influenceWoolworths future, or they may be influenced by the up-and-comers picked. Potential partners in Woolworths enlistment and determination process incorporate the proprietors of the general store chain, workers, the encompassing network, insurance agencies, and clients. It is significant for associations to include partners in their enrollment designs so as to develop positive associations with them, advantage from important data, strengthen their responsibility to the association, and encourage a helpful business culture. The proprietors and investors of Woolworths being the principle recipients of an expansion in productivity have an unmistakable fascination for the enrollment procedure embraced by the HR group. In like manner, if the procedure doesnt meet its destinations, its similar investors and proprietors who feel the best effect (Blundell, 2013). The HR group must, in this way, put the proprietors at the top of the priority list while planning and actualizing an enlistment plan. Insurance agencies are legitimately associated with the Woolworths workers wellbeing inclusion and advantages. The organizations will henceforth have a put enthusiasm for the workforce structure of Woolworths. The protection specialist co-ops need enlistment refreshes so as toprovide spread plans that explicitly suit Woolworths. Most undertakings propelled by the HR group expect to improve the degree of abilities in the work environment, upgrade the working environment structure, and improve operational procedures. Workers are the essential partners in any association. The enrollment and determination procedure will directly affect their efficiency, abilities, acquiring limit, and certainty. The enrollment procedure by Woolworths may give existing workers a serious danger as far as jobs, duties, and advancements. Guaranteeing cohesiveness and representative fulfillment is significant to fortify their responsibility to Woolworths. In the grocery store and administration industry by and large, the method of communication with clients is vital to an associations achievement. Clients and customers are essential partners who will be straightforwardly influenced by an enlistment procedure. The HR group of Woolworths must, in this way, guarantee the applicant who continues from the determination stage are competentand knowledgeable in proficient and moral purchaser communication. An effective enrollment process benefits the association by expanding their administration conveyance and development of a positive hierarchical structure. The enlistment procedure by Woolworths influences the encompassing network by giving work openings (Griepentrog et al., 2012). In a network with high paces of joblessness, the non-oppressive recruiting opportunity providingan work opportunitycultivates a positive relationship with the network. Money related Analysis Cost is one of the principle factors that directly affect the enlistment and choice procedure of an association (Zhao and Liden, 2011). Before actualizing the enlistment procedure, Woolworths should completely comprehend and put the costs that the procedure will bring about into thought. The enrollment venture must fulfill a money saving advantage examination before the grocery store mammoth executes the arrangement. It is reasonable for Woolworths to conjecture the potential measures of cash these future representatives from the choice procedure will cost the organization regarding advantages, recompenses, and salaries.While arranging the enrollment exercises, groups from the HR and Finance division in Woolworths might be required to decide the enlisting yield proportion and the expense per recruit (Jabbar, 2016). Woolworths should likewise financial plan for cost coming about because of posting the activity notices, office costs, foundations check costs, enrollment specialist compe nsations, and referral program impetuses. In spite of the money related weight forced by the enlistment technique, Woolworths expects that the consolidation of a certified workforce to fill the current authoritative hole will give long haul advantages to the organization. Woolworths targets utilizing 10 new representatives. The accompanying 5-year money related investigation of the organization diagrams the normal expenses and advantages from the enlistment procedure. So as to create and execute the enrollment it is critical to examine costss associat

Three Common Essay Topics for a Cleopatra Essay

Three Common Essay Topics for a Cleopatra EssayIn Cleopatra essay topics, there are three main themes that the writer can discuss: love, politics, and deception. As a matter of fact, an essay should follow a strict theme that will provide context and make it easier for the reader to follow along. Otherwise, a poorly written essay can cause some major problems.Let's begin with the basics, the basic rules that all good essays must follow. First and foremost, an essay should be told in the first person. No third person writing here. The clearest way to describe what is taking place is to talk about yourself, and the writer should be the only character that can be seen or heard through the entire piece.Next, the writer should tell a true story. This does not mean that they have to relate something to the Cleopatra's life. They just have to relate something that actually happened. More than likely, an essay will be written in an academic language. If the audience cannot see themselves as an expert, the piece will be of no value to them.The topic of the essay should not be 'Cleopatra died in childbirth', as this is in no way related to the subject at hand. The writer should choose a topic that can be easily understood by the reader. This does not mean that the topic is boring, but the writer must find a topic that the audience can easily relate to.By choosing a common topic, such as 'Cleopatra and Julius Caesar', the writers can show their expertise on that subject without actually writing an essay about the topic at hand. The subject is already familiar, and the reader will relate better to a general topic. An essay is not hard work, it is the easy part.Essays and argumentative pieces, such as this one, should be based on facts. Facts should be proven rather than assumed. To make a long story short, if the topic is 'Cleopatra got herself killed to get money for a war', she was the first Roman lady to do so. Factual statements are more believable than outright assump tions, which tend to run counter to the truth.Finally, an essay can be about Cleopatra or about someone else. In fact, it is quite possible to write about a character that is not Cleopatra at all. A better question to ask is 'who are the main characters and what is the main theme?'These three topics are the main ones that all good Cleopatra essay topics must be based on. It is a given that the topic of the essay must be based on Cleopatra, so the writing should be based on this premise. Finding a topic that can be easily covered, and making an argument for a specific character, is much easier to do when using facts and argumentative pieces to make the point.

Ten Most Common Trees in the United States

A United States Forest Service report called the Checklist of Native and Naturalized Trees suggests that there may be more than 865 different species of trees in the United States. Here are the 10 most commonplace native trees in the United States, based on several Federal surveys of tree species stem count, and are listed here in order of estimated numbers of trees by species: Red Maple or  (Acer rubrum)   Red maple is the most common tree in North America and lives in diverse climates and habitats, mainly in the eastern United States.  Acer rubrum  is a prolific seeder and readily sprouts from the stump which makes it ubiquitous  in both the  forest and in the urban landscape. Loblolly Pine or  (Pinus taeda)   Also called bull pine and old-field pine, Pinus taeda is the most widely planted pine tree in the eastern coastal states. Its natural range stretches  from east Texas to the pine barrens of New Jersey and is the dominant pine tree harvested for paper and solid wood produces. Sweetgum or  (Liquidambar styraciflua)   Sweetgum is one of the most aggressive pioneer  tree species and quickly takes over abandoned fields and unmanaged cut-over forests. Like red maple, it will comfortably grow on many sites including wetlands, dry uplands and hill country up to 2,600. It is sometimes planted as an ornamental but out of favor because of the spiky fruit that collects underfoot in the landscape. Douglas Fir or  (Pseudotsuga menziesii)   This tall fir of the North American west is only surpassed in height by the redwood. It can grow on both moist and dry sites and covers coastal and mountain slopes from 0 to 11,000. Several varieties of  Pseudotsuga menziesii, including the coastal Douglas fir of the Cascade Mountains and the Rocky Mountain Douglas fir of the Rockies. Quaking Aspen or  (Populus tremuloides)   Although not as numerous in stem count as red maple,  Populus tremuloides is the most widely distributed tree in North America spanning the entire northern portion of the continent. It is also called a keystone tree species because of its importance in diverse forest ecosystems within its large range. Sugar Maple  or (Acer saccharum)   Acer saccharum  is often called the star of eastern North Americas autumn foliage show and very common in the region. Its leaf shape is the emblem of the  Dominion of  Canada and the tree is the staple of  the Northeast maple syrup industry.   Balsam Fir  (Abies balsamea)   Like quaking aspen and with a similar range, balsam fir is the most widely distributed fir  in North America and the primary component of the Canadian boreal forest.  Abies balsamea  thrives on moist, acid and organic soils in swamps and on mountains to 5,600. Flowering Dogwood  (Cornus florida)   Flowering dogwood is one of the most common understory  hardwoods you will see in both hardwood and coniferous forests in eastern North America. It is also one of the most common of small trees in the urban landscape. It will grow from sea level to nearly 5,000. Lodgepole Pine  (Pinus contorta)   This pine is in abundance, particularly in western Canada and the Pacific Northwestern portion of the United States. Pinus contorta is prolific throughout the Cascades, Sierra Nevada and extends to southern California. It is a pine tree of the mountains and grows to an elevation of 11,000 feet. White Oak  (Quercus alba)   Quercus alba can grow on the most fertile of bottomlands to the most sterile of mountain slopes. White oak is a survivor and grows in a wide range of habitats. It is an oak that inhabits coastal forests to the woodlands along the mid-western prairie region.

The Keppel Corporation - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1953 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Level High school Did you like this example? 1. Introduction 1.1 Objective of the assignment 1.2 Structure of assignment 2. Background of the assignment The assignment is based on the research of Keppel Corporation. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Keppel Corporation" essay for you Create order Keppel Corporation is one of the largest conglomerates in Singapore and one of the worlds largest builders of offshore oilrigs. The Keppel Group of Companies includes Keppel Offshore Marine, Keppel Infrastructure, Keppel Telecommunications Transportation (Keppel TT) and Keppel Land, among others. 3. Concept of Shareholder Value Maximisation 3.1 Concepts: In recent years, shareholder values creation becomes a very popular topic among top management. They think through creating shareholder value strategy, companies can gain large profits from it. But many of them misunderstand this concept. Shareholder value maximization is a kind of strategy for a long-term business operation. Totally different from maximizing profit, shareholder value maximization focus on identifying growth opportunities and building competitive advantage. So shareholder value maximization punishes short-term strategies that destroy assets and fail to capitalize on the companys core capabilities. There was a version of definition to define the shareholder value that the value delivered to shareholders because of managements ability to grow earnings, dividends and share price. In other words, shareholder value is the sum of all strategic decisions that affect the firms ability to efficiently increase the amount of free cash flow over time. Theo Vermaelen, Professor of Finance at INSEAD argued that shareholder value is defined as the present value of free cash flows from now until infinity, discounted at a rate that reflects the risks of these cash flows, therefore, maximizing shareholder value is not the same thing as maximizing short-term profits, earnings per share or manipulating stock prices through accounting fraud. This is a mainstream opinion for most of experts in the world. But these arguments mostly concentrate more on what will shareholder value maximization bring to us? They ignore the definition on the premise of who are shareholders. Many writers also have p ointed out that a company has social and environmental responsibilities and that shareholders are not the only stakeholders in the business. These experts argued that some groups outside of stakeholders are also having long-term interests and relationships with a company. These are groups that mentioned as employees, customers, managers, suppliers and community. As we listed, almost all kinds of people relate to a company impact share price. So in that case, in the long term, shareholder value is the best strategy for all stakeholders. But it depends on the way managers create shareholder value. On the other hand, all shareholders are also very vulnerable in a short-run business due to a non-sustainable resources control. But in practice, managers who insist shareholder value maximization are always over-concentrated on the words of maximization. Sometimes, when ethical problem were met, some managers even know what is wrong to social responsibility, they have to make more pro fits for stakeholders. And in businesses, entrepreneurs commonly consider this term as: managers try to gain the maximized profits to increase their companies share price by whatever ways can be done. And this version of definition is totally negative to compare with experts theoretical argument. 3.2 Advantages: The opinion of shareholder wealth is tightly linked to the opinion of continued business expansion and profits. There are three advantages of maximization of shareholder wealth. Long-term Development Economists such as Bartley Madden and James Owens think of the maximization of shareholder wealth to be the natural result of profitable business activities. These are similar to capital expansion. These two specialists differ on this as the objective of all business, but the general opinion is that such expansion is what makes stockholders happy. This results in loyal stockholders, devoted board members and the endless increase in share value. The media attention of such performance generated can enhance the public reputation of any firm. Except maintaining happy shareholders and obtaining a powerful reputation, maximizing shareholder value has many advantages. It is very obvious that continuing profits, reinvestment and expansion make everyone happy. To Managers, salaries and reputations increase; to salesmen, commissions rise; to governments, more tax funds and more people are being hired to be staff at the expanding firm. These are all the segments of the advantage of long-term development of the firm. Employee Benefit There are situations in which a share increases when a company declares plan to fire employees, but observed over time this is the exception rather than the regulation. Generally, companies successfully increase share prices with growing and adding more employees, therefore benefiting society. Notice that many governments around the world, including U.S. federal and state governments, are privatizing some of their st ate-owned activities through selling these operations to stakeholders. Probably not surprisingly, the sales and cash flows of lately privatized companies generally enhance. In addition, studies show that these recently privatized companies have a trend to increase and therefore need more employees when they are managed with the objective to maximize share price. Social Contribution The owners of share are society to a large extent. More than seventy years ago, this was not correct, because most stock ownership was concentrated in a relatively small part of society, including the richest individuals. Since then, there has been explosive growth in pension funds, life insurance companies, and mutual funds. These organizations now own more than 60% of all shares, which indicates that most people have an indirect stake in the stock market. Furthermore, compare with only 32.5% of all U.S households own stock directly in 1989, now ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s more than 50% of that. Hence , most social members now have a significant stake in the stock market, no matter directly or indirectly. Thus, when a manager behaves to maximize the share price, this promotes the quality of life for millions of the general public. If a firm is continually growing, investing and expanding, everyone benefits. The concentration of corporations on maximizing shareholder wealth also potentially has several negative consequences. 3.3 Disadvantages The concentration of corporations on maximizing shareholder wealth also potentially has several negative consequences. Difficulties in Operation There are two basic and relevant criticisms of the maximizing shareholder wealth. One criticism is that it does not give staff enough incentive to realize high performance. The other is that it is difficult in operation it doesnt give employees and managers a guidance of what to do at an actual level. There are some reasons why shareholder value objective may not be desire. First of all, normally few of the employees are also members of shareholders. Secondly, the direct connection between their own specific occupations and the share prices of the company they cannot see. Thirdly, share prices often move because of macroeconomic elements and market drive uncorrelated to the administrative performance. Bad Business Practices One potential disadvantage of corporations to focus on maximizing shareholder wealth is that it can cause terrible or unsustainable business practices. Some managers misguide investors on purpose for making their firms appear more valuable than they truly are. Sometimes these behaviors are lawless, like those by the senior executives at Enron. Sometimes the actions are lawful, but they are taken to promote the current market price higher than its basic price in the short term. For example, introducing to the global crisis which start in the late 2000s, many financial organizations in the U.S. gave mortgages to borrowers, even they had po or credit in the expectations of making as much gain as possible. However these practices may have generated short-term profits, the consequent plenty of defaults and foreclosures finally caused banks to undertake enormous losses. In some situations, businesses participate in illegal or immoral activities, such as tampering financial information for enhancing shareholder wealth. Overmuch concentrate on shareholder wealth is generally utilized as an element that led to the recession that began in late 2007, which so called the Global Financial Crisis. 4. Company valuation over the past 5 years: In order to assess whether Keppel Corporation has delivered shareholder value over the past 5 years, it is based on a companys ability to generate cash flow now and future. By using three methods below, it will be estimated and explain clearly. 4.1: Net asset value The Net Asset Value is a calculation that determines the price of a share in a mutual fund. Stock prices change within minutes, sometimes-even seconds. The reason why we calculate NAV is that mutual fund of NPV is adjusted at the close of each business day, making it much easier for investors and brokers to track. Calculated as: NAV = Total Assets Total Liabilities 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Fixed asset 5,890 5,430 5,120 4,080 559 Current asset 985,367 1,785,666 2,024,337 2,286,081 2,818,524 Current liability 712,205 425,017 415,421 504,160 542,175 Non current liability 305,608 5,377 504,934 504,936 1,504,932 Net asset value (26,556) 1,360,702 1,109,102 1,281,065 771,976 The net asset value of Keppel Corporation from 2008 to 2012 4.2: Price earning multiple The second method is Price-earning multiple. It is a valuation ratio of a companys current share price compared to its per-share earnings. The P/E shows the relationship between the stock price and the firms earnings, and it is the most popular metric of stock analysis. Calculated as: P/E = Market per share Earning per share Average closing stock (Market price) EPS P/E ratio 2008 4.32 0.72 6.0 2009 8.26 0.70 11.8 2010 11.322 1.02 11.10 2011 7.735 0.91 8.50 2012 11.50 1.25 9.20 (https://www.dividendsranking.com/Keppel-Corp-dividend-yield.html) The price earning per share of Keppel Corporation has a fluctuation trend. However, there is an upward movement during 2008 to 2012 from 6.0 to 9.20. It increases 3.20. The fluctuation of the price earning per share may be due to the number changes of price per share and earning per share of each year. The price earning per share grows up dramatically at this time is from 2008 to 2009, which is 5.8. In contrast, the earing per share decreases from 0.72 to 0.70. To gain this significant increase, the price per share of Keppel Corporation also increases. On the next year, there is an increase slightly, which is 0.02. A higher price-earning ratio indicates that the market is more willing to pay for the earning of the company. It also suggests that investors are expecting higher earning increase in the future, and how fast company will recover its current share price per earning. It shows a good growth potential. On the contrary, the price earning per share slumps down from 11.10 (2010) to 8.50 (2011) before turning increase to 9.20 in 2012. The table above shows that there is a decrease from 1.02 (2010) to 0.91 (2011) so that, the price per share of firm also go down. The market doesnt have much confidence in the future of share at this time. 4.3: Discounted cash flow: The discounted cash flow is a quantification method, which is used to assess the attractiveness of an investment chances. The Discounted Cash Flow analysis involves the use of future free cash flow protrusions and discounts them. Hence, it is to approach the net present value that is used to calculate the potential for investment. The free cash flow indicates that the cash left in the firm after paying all operating and mandatory expenditures such as interest, tax payment and investment expenses. With free cash flow, a firm is allowed to pursue chances that enhance shareholder value, develop new products, and pay sharehold ers. Free cash flow is calculated as: Operating profit + Depreciation Interest Taxes 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Operating profit 1,238,474 1,504,791 1,756,494 2,824,344 2,621,175 Depreciation 139,078 174,313 188,633 208,571 210,512 Interest 78,671 49,675 64,701 98,230 134,933 Taxes 288,030 347,875 580,632 443,574 500,619 Investment Expenditure 563,076 1,221,440 1,266,045 1,561,196 1,323,241 Free cash flow 447,775 60,114 33,749 929,915 872,894 From the result of free cash flow with the assumption of rate of return is 9%, which is depended on the average closing stock during 5 years; the discounted cash flow is calculated as: FCF1 Vo= The opportunity is considered to be a good one if the value reached at through the discounted cash flow analysis is greater than the current cost of investment. 4.4: Discussion of the Findings (compare with market) 5. Conclusion: References: https://www.dividendsranking.com/Keppel-Corp-dividend-yield.html Peter Doyle, 2nd edition, Value-based Marketing: Marketing Strategies for Corporate Growth and Shareholder Value.; 2008, Published by John Wiley Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, West Sussex, England. Theo Vermaelen, Maximising shareholder value: an ethical responsibility?; December 26, 2008 ¼Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢www.insead.edu ¼Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢available at ¼Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¡ https://knowledge.insead.edu/csr/ethics/maximising-shareholder-value-an-ethical-responsibility-1840.

Earth and Its Geological Activities Essay Example

Essays on Earth and Its Geological Activities Essay The paper "Earth and It's Geological Activities" is a worthy example of an essay on environmental studies. Earth is the only known planet so far which is geologically and biologically active. The earth’s geological and biological activities are due to two energy sources, the external solar energy and the internal energy from the earth’s molten core. Since solar energy is available in all the planets, why earth alone has geological activities? This question seems to be a difficult one for the scientific world. â€Å"Some measure of the time involved for a planet the size of the earth to cool by convection is that the earth has been geologically active for over 4 billion years, and will probably take another 4-5 billion years to lose all its heat -and become a dead planet† (The Heat History of Earth) â€Å"All of the geological activity on the earth today is driven from this initial source of heat at the formation of the earth, aided and abetted by continued radioactive decay of elements in the interior of the earth.† (The Heat History of Earth) Radioactive decay of elements such as Uranium, Radium etc can cause earth’s geological activities, but the major reason for earth’s geological activities is the molten core formed at the creation of earth.A planetary body can lose its internal heat energy through several ways like a volcanic eruption, earthquakes, etc. Another way of energy liberation is through conduction, convection, and radiation. The figures given below show some of the energy liberation activities.(The Heat History of Earth)ConclusionsGeological activities of the earth have started at the time of its creation. The liberation of heat from the inner molten core is accomplished by conduction, convection, and radiation. Earthquakes, tidal waves, volc anic eruptions are the ways through which earth liberates its energy. Earth’s geological activities one way or other connected to the biological activities on earth.

Lack Of Employee Motivation Due To High Stress Level †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Lack Of Employee Motivation Due To High Stress Level. Answer: Introduction The element of employee motivation is believed to have direct impact upon the performance within an organization. With high levels of motivation that are managed by the employees, there seems to have direct impact on to the capability of individual employees on their ability to work under stress. As most of the modern days business organizations are dependent upon high level of employee performance, employees have to deal with high levels of challenges that often create the environment of stress. High stress level also seems to have direct impact on the personal life of an employee. The higher level of stress seems to generate psychological and behavioral misbalance within an individual, thereby increasing the risks of mental disease. As the employee is not able to provide the expected level of performance due to stress, it is not possible to generate higher levels of motivation (Sonnentag and Fritz 2015). In the given context the aim of the current project is to explore the stress related problems at various workplaces, which ultimately leads to lower and poor quality of performance. The research will use definite protocols that are needed to collect relevant information and analyze the causes of stress within the workplace environment. Objectives To explore the cause of high level of stress at workplaces To explore the cause of low motivation levels due to high stress levels To recommend the ways that are needed to deal with high levels of stress and improve motivation levels Research Questions What are the causes of high level of stress at different work places? How high level of stress can lower the employee motivation levels? What are the recommendations that are needed to deal with high levels of stress and improve motivation level? Literature Review Hindrance and Saturation are often the cause of job stress According to the work of Wood and Michaelides (2016), high levels demand in the job profile is highly common in all globalized corporation of todays world. The model of job demand control support model has been used to identify the cause stress. The model explains with the fact that in order to reduce the overall expenditure of an organization. This generates extra work load on the limited number of existing workers within an organization. Sawhney et al. (2017), have added about the elements of crisis in the labor market, which enforces many organizations to recruit workers at much lower pay scale. Hence, there is a high level of gap between the demand and supply of skilled workers. This is believed to be one of the major hindrances in providing high quality performance. Moreover, as the existing workforces are often burdened with high levels of pressure, there is high level of risk job saturation. As the HR policies are not modified in many multinational workforces, there are high l evels of risk of employee saturation. This is mostly due to the fact that new skills are not incorporated within the employees that are required to deal with the new business demands within the workforce. Understanding the cause of employee situation is highly crucial in the given context.Human resource management of an organization needs to understand the potential of every employee in order to get the best level of performance according to their capability. As the demand levels of the skills within the workforce are increasing, the employees are not able to improve upon their skills to deal with the challenges of excessive work pressure. The saturation level within the workforce is dependent demand levels of the market. With high levels of competitor demand within the market, most of the business organizations are forced to focus upon the customer base service. Nevertheless, if an industry becomes saturated, the workforces under the marketing jobs are often de-motivated due to the limited growth opportunity. This is mainly due to the lack of innovative opportunity that is responsible for lack of career growth opportunity (De Gieter et al. 2017). Relation Between emotional intelligence and job stress Wan et al. (2014), have highlighted the elements of emotional intelligence that is considered to be highly essential for dealing with the issues of job stress. The emotional aspects of an individual can vary greatly depending upon the workplace environment. Other than the income levels and other salary related parameters, the mental satisfaction of an individual plays a significant role in the matters of dealing with the job stress. Few of the essential elements of mental satisfaction include that of self-esteem level of the employees, social bonding level of the employees along with the self-competence levels. Hence, with high level of social bonding with the workplace employees, it is possible to deal with the issues of high stress level. The matter of emotional intelligence will have major impact that will be necessary in the given context. Karimi et al. (2014), have mentioned about the fact that higher levels of job stress can be dealt with the elements of healthy job place environment. In most of the cases, it is important to ensure that the physical illness and high level of stress can be dealt with healthy workplace environment. It is also the duty of thehuman resource management to imply the protocol that can help to deal with the mental and emotional issues within the workplace. The employees having higher levels of emotional intelligence are believed to have ability of dealing with high levels of job stress. Large scale multinational organizations often suppose to have facility to provide the training of improving the emotional intelligence level of the employees. This can be achieved by holding regular discussion and meeting session within the employees. This can provide the opportunity to the employees to de velop upon the interpersonal relationship with their colleagues. Short-term training program can also be given to the employees about the mental and psychological strategies that can be implemented to deal with high job stress levels. Yamani et al. (2014), have mentioned about the five major components of emotional intelligence that can be implemented by the workforce. The primary element in the given context consists that of self-awareness. Here, the employees need to have the ability to identify their individual strengths and weaknesses. This can therefore help the employee to perform upon their individual capability with higher quality and self-confidence. Higher level of self-awareness can help the employees to have the ability to realize the current situation and act accordingly. There are also the elements of self-regulation that are needed for controlling the disruptive behavior. It is quite often that an employee is not able to control their internal emotional feelings during the time of facing high level of stress. With the ability of self-regulation, it is possible for an individual to gain the trust level of the employees. This is followed by the element of internal motivation, where an employee has to look for external rewards. This can be the major source of motivation of all employees as they are able to get proper forms of respect that are needed for the same. The success of every employee also depends upon their ability to understand and co-ordinate with the co-workers. With the element of empathy it is possible for an individual to understand the need and challenges encountered by their co-workers. This element is highly essential in culturally diverse workplace. With high level of empathy it is possible to deal with the communication gap that exists between employees of different culture. Final accounts the element of social skills, which can help to develop interpersonal relationship between workers of an organization. Few of the major hallmarks of effective social skills include ability to motivate other employees and share high level of expertise to the workers. Effect of leadership on employee stress and burnout With frequent changes that occurred in the style of working across various industries, the role of organizational leaders play a significant role in deciding upon the adaptive ability of the leaders. Harms et al. (2017), have mentioned about the importance of transformational leadership that are highly required in the given context. Providing proper information to every employee within the organization is considered to be the primary role of the leader. This can help every employee to deal with the challenge of organizational change that is considered to be the major cause of occupational stress. The level of occupational stress is considered to be directly proportional to the inability of an employee to adapt with organizational change. It is also dependent upon the risk factors that are associated in job profile of every industry. Lack of accomplishment at workplace and less participation in decision making process can also lower the self-motivation level of an employee. It is the duty of an effective leader to deal with the overall challenge of maintaining equality within the workplace and ensure participation of every worker before implementation of the essential decisions. Burnout is considered to be the extreme effect of occupational stress that is caused due to long term neglection. This is mainly common in hectic job profile like the Healthcare sector and disastermanagement industry. As the workers not only have to deal with high level of stress, additional health risk that are involved in the job profile can cause the burnout type of experience. Research Methodology The section of research methodology provides guidelines and protocol to the investigators that need to be followed in order to collect essential information relevant to the project (Panneerselvam 2014). This will be later analyzed using the particular methods of data analysis. The investigators need to choose the research methods depending upon the requirement of particular project. The types of data that are collected also depend on the process research methods. The following section will provide the detail description of the types of research strategies that can be chosen by the researchers (Neuman and Robson 2014). The justification for choosing each particular type of method for the research work of job stress and motivation will also be given in the particular section. The overall systematic plan of the project can also be included in the research methodology section that will highlight upon the protocol. It will also provide the ethical strategies that need to be followed by the researchers in order to ensure full authenticity of the final work that can be used for future references. Research Philosophy There are general two types of research philosophy that can be followed for any of the given research work. The positivism philosophy is believed to be exam the real facts and evidence that are directly related to the research problems. For this type of philosophy the investigators mostly depends on the primary forms of data collection (Sekaran and Bougie 2009). This is quite effective in making up of logical analysis that is ultimately needed to make up accurate conclusion. There is also the interpretivism philosophy that is needed to deal with the human perspective in the matter of any research project (Sarantakos 2012). The subject area of the chosen research work being related to employee stress out, it is important to choose the interpretivism philosophy. This will help to ensure that the researchers will get the detailed data related to the feedbacks of the employees. Here, it is also essential to apply the positivism philosophy that is needed to analyze the real facts about job stress and employee motivation. Research approach In the given research work the investigators can apply Inductive and deductive style of research approach. The deductive approach mainly aims to obtain knowledge from the existing information related to the research work. Essential data also collected from the literature review and past research work of the relevant research. On the other hand, there is also the inductive approach, which aims to identify new theories that are related to the research work. This will help to explain the new challenges and research problem (Quinlan 2011). For the given research work the investigators will approach for the deductive method, which will help to ensure that most of the important information related to the research work are properly analyzed in order to draw conclusions for the future. Researchers can also use the inductive theory in order to formulate new method to deal with the existing issues within the human resource management. Additional information can also weekend with the help of inductive approach. Research Design For choosing the Research Design there are three types of options available for the investigators. There is exploratory Research Design, where the researchers evaluate the given information without properly judging the negative and positive consequence of the same. On the other hand the exploratory Research Design only considers the psychological aspect (Bryman and Bell 2011). It is important to have a formal set of objective and Research question in order to apply both explanatory our exploratory Research Design. On the other hand, the descriptive research method analyses the internal consequence of the research problem and therefore aims to identify the root cause of the same (Quinlan 2011). For the given research work of occupational stress and workplace motivation choosing of descriptive Research Design will help to ensure then both positive and negative aspect of the research work are being evaluated. Descriptive Research Design will also analyze the relevant case studies related to human resource management. Sampling methods Choosing the proper sample is highly essential for all given research work in order to collect authentic and relevant data. In general, there are two types of sampling method that can be applied in every research word for proper data collection. While applying probability sampling method, the investigators choose the samples for the respondents of data collection in a random method from the chosen group of population. The major advantage of this type of Sampling is there is no chance of any form of biases that are being applied in the applied in data collection process. Moreover, the investigators get opportunity to collect data from wide diverse range of population (Saunders and Lewis 2012). There is also the method of non-probability sampling, where the source of Data Collection is being predetermined. Find the given research work, investigators will conduct survey from hundred respondents who are the employees worker across various sectors. Sample will be chosen in random method in order to ensure that there is no form of biasness and wide diverse range of data can be collected related to the experience of the employees in job stress. Research Strategy The research strategy of the project will be chosen based upon the research objectives and problem area (Taylor et al. 2015). For the given research work it will be appropriate to conduct both survey and interview in order to collect essential information related to employee feedback. This will help the investigators to get idea about the level of stress that are being encountered at the workplace. The interview data will be required in order to collect detail data from every experienced employee about their encounter in stress related activities. This can also help the researchers to get idea about the intervention strategies that are implemented to deal with high level of stress. Data collection methods There are two types of Data Collection method that can be employed in all type of research work. Primary research work the investigators collect the information directly from the sample through survey and interview (Palinkas et al. 2015). This data can be further analyzed using quantitative method, where numeric data are calculated using statistical tools and represented in the form of table charts or graphs. It is important to choose a particular population for the given mode of data analysis. The major advantage of primary data analysis is due to the fact that the investigator will get the opportunity to directly interact with the sample and get the latest information related to research project (Palinkas et al. 2015). In the given research work survey and interview will be collected from 100 employees across different sectors. This will help them to get idea about the latest consequence of stress and occupational Burnout experience of the workers across different sectors. It will also help to get idea about the sector, where most number of employees is experiencing work pressure and stress. There is also the case of secondary data collection, where most information is being collected from previously conducted research work. For this current project the investigator will collect data from the previously conducted research related to occupational stress and employee motivation. Ethical Issues As the current research work is related to human case, it is important to consider ethical issues that will help to ensure that the result of the research work is validated and can be used for future purpose. Proper consent also needs to be taken from the chosen sample, from where survey and interviewer being conducted. After the collected data is analyzed and published, the investigators need to ensure that the identity of the survey and the interview participants are kept anonymous. This will help to ensure that no private and classified information about any individual are leaked in the public domain (Mulvey 2015). Before final publishing of the data in the final research article the same has to be verified from proper authority. Hence, there will be no doubt about the authenticity of the information and can be used for future reference purpose. References Bryman, A. and Bell, E., 2015. Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. De Gieter, S., Hofmans, J. and Bakker, A.B., 2017. Need Satisfaction at Work, Job Strain, and Performance: A Diary Study. Harms, P.D., Cred, M., Tynan, M., Leon, M. and Jeung, W., 2017. Leadership and stress: A meta-analytic review. The leadership quarterly, 28(1), pp.178-194. Karimi, L., Leggat, S.G., Donohue, L., Farrell, G. and Couper, G.E., 2014. Emotional rescue: The role of emotional intelligence and emotional labour on well?being and job?stress among community nurses. Journal of advanced nursing, 70(1), pp.176-186. Lim, W.M. and Ting, D.H., 2012. Research methodology: a toolkit of sampling and data analysis techniques for quantitative research. Mulvey, G.J., 2015. Ethics in research. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 96(3), pp.477-479. Neuman, W.L. and Robson, K., 2014. Basics of social research. Pearson Canada. Palinkas, L.A., Horwitz, S.M., Green, C.A., Wisdom, J.P., Duan, N. and Hoagwood, K., 2015. Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), pp.533-544. Panneerselvam, R., 2014. Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Quinlan, C., 2011. Business Research Methods. Cengage Learning EMEA. Hampshire. Quinlan, C., 2011. Business Research Methods. Thoman Rennie, South Western Cengage learning. Hampshire United Kingdom. Sarantakos, S., 2012. Social research. Palgrave Macmillan. Saunders, M.N. and Lewis, P., 2012. Doing research in business management: An essential guide to planning your project. Pearson. Sawhney, G., Jennings, K.S., Britt, T.W. and Sliter, M.T., 2017. Occupational Stress and Mental Health Symptoms: Examining the Moderating Effect of Work Recovery Strategies in Firefighters. Journal of occupational health psychology. Sekaran, U. and Bougie, R., 2009. Research Methods for BusinessA Skill Building Approach. ISBN (pbk): 978-0-470-74479-6. Sonnentag, S. and Fritz, C., 2015. Recovery from job stress: The stressor?detachment model as an integrative framework. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(S1). Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault, M., 2015. Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons. Wan, H.C., Downey, L.A. and Stough, C., 2014. Understanding non-work presenteeism: Relationships between emotional intelligence, boredom, procrastination and job stress. Personality and Individual Differences, 65, pp.86-90. Wood, S.J. and Michaelides, G., 2016. Challenge and hindrance stressors and wellbeing-based worknonwork interference: A diary study of portfolio workers. human relations, 69(1), pp.111-138. Yamani, N.I.K.O.O., Shahabi, M.A.R.Y.A.M. and Haghani, F.A.R.I.B.A., 2014. The relationship between emotional intelligence and job stress in the faculty of medicine in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Journal of advances in medical education professionalism, 2(1), p.20.

Harvey Norman Business Analysis free essay sample

Executive Summary3 Introduction4 Current Strategic Position4 Figure One: Financial Analysis for Harvey Norman5 External Factors6 PESTLE Analysis6 Economic Forces6 Technological Forces6 Political-Legal Forces6 Ecological/Environmental forces7 Socio-cultural forces7 Porters Five Forces7 Figure Two: Porters Five Forces7 Figure Three: External Factor Analysis Summary8 Internal Analysis8 Figure Four: Internal Factor Analysis Summary9 Recommendations10 Conclusion11 Executive Summary Harvey Norman Holding Pty Ltd (HNH) in June 2012 delivered a net profit of $227. 41 million, a decrease of 39. % from the previous year (HNH Annual Report 2012). Clearly the company was not meeting the ever increasing demand of the retail consumers, that were becoming increasingly savvy and expecting more specification through on-line shopping and a getting in-store experience (Baird Kilcourse 2011). Slow off the mark, HNH finally recognised the power of online platforms and its influence as a sales channel it invested heavily in the fiscal year of 2012 to develop an integrated retail, franchise, property and digital operations with its release of the Omni-Channel Strategy. We will write a custom essay sample on Harvey Norman Business Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Online sales have been low as initially predicted, within HNH announcing it has been established for future gain (HNH Annual Report 2012). However, the retail industry would argue that HNH has not only been slow in changing the with retail environment, it has also failed to recognise that its new strategy will only address some of its business concerns, labelled with a poor customer focus and in store service (Reidy 2013). Using Porters Five Forces analysis HNH faces high threats from rivals within the market, competing with well-known brands like Myer and savvy businesses that have embraced change like JB HiFi whom integrated its online experience five years ago (Reidy 2013; Wheelen Hunger 2012). HNH also faces threats from consolidation of suppliers and the infinite possibilities online providing the consumer with greater knowledge and expectations (Wheelen Hunger 2012). Whilst both its internal and external factor analysis have indicated that HNH is rated below average, it has the ability to pull itself out of this business rut, as a result of its strong branding position and asset base. To again be competitive within the market place it is recommended that HNH not only embraces its online technology, but also looks to update its strategic vision, purpose and values in line with Omni-Channel Strategy, along with undertaking ongoing consumer reviews, looking to improve its lean practices within its supply chain, improve its marketing and advertising strategies and look at exploring new market opportunities. Introduction HNH Holding (HNH) is one of the largest retailers in Australia and operates through a combination of company operated stores and franchise operated stores. It currently has 213 franchised stores in Australia and 76 company-operated stores HNH owns a third  of its stores which it leases to franchisees and provides them services in return for a percentage of sales (HNH Annual Report 2012). In fiscal year of 2012, HNH approved a new strategic approach to integrate its retail, franchise, property and digital operations into an Omni-Channel† Strategy (HNH Annual Report 2012), which promises customers a seamless on and off line shopping experience and has seen many of the top retail brands diversify for a ‘competitive advantage’ (Baird Kilcourse 2011). This report will provide an internal and external analysis into HNH’s change in strategic approach, its current positioning and recommendations for future strategic growth. Current Strategic Position HNH’s decision to adopt an Omni-Channel strategy in 2012 came out of a need to mitigate some of the damaging past business decisions and to adapt to the changing retail landscape. Sales dropped 8. 6% in the first six months of the 2013 fiscal year in Australia (Reidy 2013). HNH within the retail industry is known for its poor customer service and inflated prices. HNH’s Chairman was also out of touch with current trends and refused to acknowledge the internet as a sales channel let alone a mobile-commerce (Reidy 2013). HNH’s new strategic slogan of â€Å"click, pay and collect† supports the businesses commitment to become more viable and robust in a complex and difficult market (Reidy, 2013). The Omni-Channel strategy HNH implemented in 2012 includes (HNH Annual Report 2012, p. 4): 1. The ability to diversify product offerings to franchise operations, 2. Strong balance sheet underpinned by real, tangible property assets, 3. Strong asset position and working capital allows to conservatively manage the debt levels, 4. The digital, store and distribution centre channels are fully integrated. The business challenge retailers are coming to terms with is that the supply chain model was based on fulfilling consumer demands within stores (Baird Kilcourse 2011). With the entrant of virtual technology increasing the knowledge and expectations of consumers, traditional strategies are largely missing out on consumer demands. The opportunity for the retail industry is to develop a clear pathway for consumers through the infinite channels to ensure the end result is a purchase within its stores. As studies show that 95% of all purchases by the consumer are still within a ‘bricks and mortar’ store (Baird Kilcourse 2011). The below chart displays three key financial performance indicators for HNH from 2008 until 2012. Net sales can be used as an indicator of growth rates, return on equity (ROE) ‘reflects how much the firm has earned on the funds invested by shareholders’ (Anthony, Merchant Hawkins 2011, p. 68) and Gross Sales Margin is an indicator of the businesses profit margin. [pic] Figure One: Financial Analysis for Harvey Norman From this financial data it is clear that HNH sales have been unstable over the past five years and that the return on equity is displaying a negative trend over this period. An interesting point is that the gross sales margin has remained relatively flat throughout the period, which says that reduced returns cannot be significantly attributed to reduced margins. Overall these trends do not paint a positive view for HNH and go some way to displaying that the company is not in a good competitive position and that the strategies being followed during this period have not been sound. External Factors To consider the external factors that impact on HNH the PESTLE and Porters Five Forces Analysis have been undertaken below. PESTLE Analysis Economic Forces The IMF observed modest improvement in economic conditions and estimates global growth to reach 3. 5% in 2013 from 3. 2% in 2012 (Anonymous 2013a). The Australian Dollar continues to be strong (Ryan 2013), which positively affects the retail industry. The trend for online shopping continues to increase. Online retail sales in Australia increased by 26% in 2012, compared to 0. 4% for the traditional retail sales (Oster, White Davis 2013). The online purchases have reached 5. 8% of the traditional retailing, with the split of 73% to 27% between domestic and international retail sales (Oster, White Davis 2013). Technological Forces Online shopping continues to be one of the fastest growing platforms. The OECD forecasts that online sales will become the main channel in the next 10 years (OECD as cited in Ha Coghill 2008). The development of the smartphone technology has taken online shopping to a new level (Baker 2009). Currently 47% of Australian consumers use mobile device to find products and services (Elsworth 2012). The trend is likely to continue and the retailers that haven’t already developed mobile apps for Android and iOS platforms will find themselves behind the competition (Farfan 2013). Political-Legal Forces Imported goods worth less than $1000 are not subject to GST, which has given online purchases an automatic advantage over the traditional retail sector and is a significant issue for retailers. HNH, Myer and 19 other retailers have united forces and campaigned to the Government to change the taxation law (Apostolou 2011). The introduction of the carbon tax has had a mixed reception, research by the Australian Retail Association indicates that 80% of the businesses have experienced a negative impact (Hammond 2012). Ecological/Environmental forces The aspects and impacts of the activities undertaken in the retail sector on the environment continue to be one of the major challenges facing the retail industry. The government contracted agencies such as the Australian Packaging Covenant (APC) Council to work closely with the industry to reduce the environmental footprint of the retail sector (Anonymous 2011a. ) Socio-cultural forces The social media has enabled customers to share insights, voice their opinion and put pressure on organisations more than ever before. The retail industry has to be actively involved in discussion with consumers to understand the needs and establish a relationship (Teuber 2012). By establishing social network communities and opening direct lines of communication, consumers are invited to actively shape the services and offerings of retailers which may potentially lead to increases in sales and consumer loyalty (Anonymous 2011b). Porters Five Forces Figure Two: Porters Five Forces Figure Three: External Factor Analysis Summary | |External Factors |Weight |Rating |Score | |Opportunities |Strong Australian economy |0. 5 |4 |0. 6 | | |Online shopping continues to increase |0. 1 |2 |0. 2 | | |Mobile technology continues to develop |0. 1 |2 |0. 2 | | |Advance product visualisation technology |0. 05 |1 |0. 05 | | |Social media and networks |0. 15 |3 |0. 5 | | |Specialised and tailored service based on demographics |0. 1 |3 |0. 3 | |Threats |Increase in overseas online purchases |0. 1 |2 |0. 2 | | |Carbon tax |0. 05 |3 |0. 15 | | |Environmental Legislation |0. 05 |4 |0. | | |Social media – negative views, boycotts and scandals |0. 15 |3 |0. 45 | | | |Total we ighted score |2. 8 | From the various external factors resented in the PESTLE analysis and Porter’s Five Forces analysis, ten opportunities and threats have been selected to create an External Factor Analysis Summary (EFAS) table below (Wheelan Hunger 2012, p. 126). The total weighted score for an average company is 3. 0. A score of 2. 8 is therefore below the industry average, which indicates that HVH is slower to react to current and emerging external factors. This is true when comparing HNH to JB HiFi who integrated an Omni-Channel Strategy into its business five years ago (Reidy 2013). Internal Analysis The HNH mission is to (HNH Limited 2008b, p. 3): †¢ Be recognised as a world leader in delivery of retail services in the fast moving consumer goods sector †¢ Generate superior returns for shareholders Create an inspiring workplace †¢ Be welcomed in the communities in which we operate Whilst the mission statement does address the needs of the four key groups of stakeholders (customers, owners, employees and the community), it does little to give direction to the company. Of further interest when considering the company’s financial performance and new strategic position its mission does not appear to have been updated sin ce 2008. HNH’s long history as a store retailer sees the company’s internal resource strengths and capabilities situated around retailing i. . locating stores in suitable demographic populations, sourcing quality products, attracting consumers to the stores and completing the sale. In light of the increasing ease of access to product information over the internet and the trend towards online purchasing, it is evident that a number of internal resource and capability weaknesses exist which are contributing to the reduced profitability of HNH. Assessing the key areas of strategic functional resources and capabilities within a business as proposed by Wheelan and Hunger (2012, pp. 58-62; pp. 47-163), a variety of strengths and weaknesses have been determined. This list of strengths and weaknesses has been considered in conjunction with the concepts that ‘competitive strategy is about being different’ (Porter 1996, p. 64) and that competitive advantage is gaine d when resources and capabilities are difficult to copy (Collins Montgomery 2008, p. 142). Nine strengths and weaknesses have been selected to create an Internal Factor Analysis Summary (IFAS) table below (Wheelan Hunger 2012, p. 164). The total weighted score for an average company is 3. 0. Since HNH has scored 2. 5, the company is considered below average in terms of its competitive internal resources and capabilities. This is supported by the retail industry views that HNH offers poor customer service and high prices (Reidy 2013). Figure Four: Internal Factor Analysis Summary [pic] As HNH is an almost pure retailer and has little upstream activities, the company’s value chain (Wheelan Hunger 2012, p. 146) is considered reasonably simple and short, certainly if compared to a manufacturing company for example. Nevertheless, costs and profit margins still rely on the efficiency of this value chain. The realisation of the potential ‘economies of scope’ (Wheelan Hunger 2012, p. 147) for marketing and distribution is a reason for the company’s Omni-channel strategy. Whilst HNH has now addressed the distribution side of its business, there has been little change in the supply side of the business, thus it is likely that opportunities still exist in this area. Recommendations HNH has lost much of its previous competitive advantage in its market segment due to an inability to evolve with the changing industry and consumer environment (Thompson et al 2012). As identified above, the rivalry amongst competitors is high, with many looking to online sales to give them the edge. HNH’s delay in embracing the new technology has left it behind competitors who offer similar products (JB-HIFI for example). It is common for companies to ‘deliberately aim to be similar, to be able to compete’ (Kennedy Ehrenberg 2000, p. 1). Without an online business HNH is missing a key competency that competitors have already developed. However, with a strong asset base and a brand reputation that has been built up over the years, HNH is well positioned to move from a declining position and begin a revival. We make the following recommendations to help achieve this: Perform more effective market analysis HNH has a defining vision, sense of purpose, and values in which it aligned its business, however has failed to update its strategies in-line with the changing external environment to ensure a competitive advantage could be maintained (Thompson et al 2012). Effective Market analysis would help the business identify changes in the external environment and alter strategy to suit. Undertake customer satisfaction surveys Taking customer satisfaction surveys when creating competitive strategy can help align business units, products and services to achieve a winning formula (Martin 2010). Business should look for feedback from both internal sources and external sources and not just rely on the opinions of the senior management team (Thompson et al 2012). Undertaking customer surveys to obtain their views and input can be crucial to understanding the market environment (Kotler et al 2010). Access Value-Chain opportunities Break down the different elements within the value chain to assess what does not create value and amend as necessary (Ghemawat Rivkin 2006). This could help identify areas that HNH can create value. While the scope for vertical integration is limited, partnerships with suppliers can help drive costs down (Wheelan Hunger 2012). Look to Lean Operations and Inventory Systems Holding costs can be significant for business such as HNH. By working with suppliers these costs can be marginalised by implementing lean inventory management. With time and after developing the competencies for inventory control the business can look to move to a Just-In-Time inventory system (Liker 2003). Develop required technological competencies With the market trending towards online sales HNH needs to move with the times. By developing their online business they will be able to successfully compete with industry rivals. Technological innovation is a constant process that businesses need to undertake to remain competitive (Wheelan Hunger 2012). Development of a phone application would further drive this. Maintain competencies in marketing and advertising Marketing and advertising are key to the retail sector that HNH competes in (Kotler et al 2010). With advertising on traditional channels on the decline HNH should look to capitalise on the rise in online advertising. This can achieve synergy with the development of their online business. Look for new market opportunities The current market segment already has fierce competition. Competing in this ‘Red Ocean’ is HNH’s primary revenue stream and should not be forgotten. However by identifying under developed market segments HNH can create a ‘Blue Ocean’ segment which research shows are significantly more profitable due to the lack of competitive forces (Ghemawat Rivkin 2006). For example the business could work with builders/designers of homes to fully furnish new houses. Conclusion With a new strategic vision, HNH has a chance to reverse its current declining market presence. With the current market shifting towards online based businesses, HNH will need to adapt to remain relevant in the future. By applying sound strategic principles outlined in this report, lessons from past failures and achievements and staying true to their company vision and values, HNH will be positioned to return to the financial success of the past. References Anonymous 2010, The Australian Consumer Trends Report Secondary Research Report 2010, The Australian Centre for Retail Study (ACRS); Monash University Business and Economics. Anonymous 2011a, Economic Structure and Performance of the Australian Retail Industry, Australina National Retail Association, Manuka ACT 2603. Anonymous 2011b, Social Media World Forum; Retail Brands Investigate Social Shopping Trends at Social Media World Forum Europe 2011, Marketing Weekly News, p. 1026. Anonymous 2013a, Modest Growth Pickup in 2013, Projects IMF, IMFSurvey Magazine: In the News, viewed 01/03/2013, . Anonymous 2013b, Consumer confidence hits a 2-year high, updated 14/02/2013, Switzer Media, viewed 28/02/2013, . Anonymous 2013c, About APC; National Environmental Protection Measure, Australian Packaging Covenant, viewed 04/03/2013, . Anthony, RN, Merchant, KA Hawkins, DF 2011, Accounting: text and cases, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, New York. Apostolou, N 2011, Australias retail revolution, vol. 82, Jun 2011. Baker, M 2009, Top 10 global retail trends, Fairfax Media, viewed 04/03/2013, . Baird Kilcourse, 2011 Collis, D J Montgomery, C A 2008, ‘Competing on resources’, Harvard Business Review, July-August, pp. 40-150. Elsworth, S 2012, Use of mobile phones, tablets to shop online surges to more than $5 billion, updated 14/11/2012, News Limited Network viewed 05/03/2013, . Farfan, B 2013, Mobile Retailing Research Reveals Largest Retail Chains Invisible to Mobile Shoppers Latest Retail Mobile Data and What Retail Leaders Aren’t Doing About It (LTD, DRI, TJX, KSS, SVU), updated 28/02/2013, About. com Guide, viewed 05/03/2013, . Ghemawat, P Rivkin, J 2006, Creating Competitive advantage, Strategy and the business landscape, Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Ha, H Coghill, K 2008, Online shoppers in Australia: dealing with problems, vol. 32, January 2008, p. 13. Hammond, M 2012, Carbon tax has damaged eight in 10 retailers, industry body claims, updated 20/12/2012, Startupsmart, viewed 03/03/2013, . Harvey Norman Holdings 2012, Harvey Norman Holdings Limited 2012 Annual Report, Harvey Norman Holdings Limited, viewed 2 February 2012, Harvey Norman Holdings 2011, Harvey Norman Holdings Limited 2011 Annual Report, Harvey Norman Holdings Limited, viewed 2 February 2012, Harvey Norman Holdings 2010, Harvey Norman Holdings Limited 2010 Annual Report, Harvey Norman Holdings Limited, viewed 2 February 2012, Harvey Norman Holdings 2009, Harvey Norman Holdings Limited 2009 Annual Report, Harvey Norman Holdings Limited, viewed 2 February 2012, Harvey Norman Holdings 2008a, Harvey Norman Holdings Limited 2008 Annual Report, Harvey Norman Holdings Limited, viewed 2 February 2012, Harvey Norman Holdings Limited 2008b, Code of Conduct, Harvey Norman Holdings Limited, viewed 3rd March 2013, Janda, M 2012, Democratising tax evasion, updated 21/09/2012, ABC, viewed 26/02/2013, . Kennedy, R Ehrenberg, A 2000, Brand user profiles seldom differ, Report 7 for Corporate Members, Ehrenberg-Bass Institute. Kim, J Forsythe, S 2008, Adoption of Virtual Try-on technology for online apparel shopping, vol. 22, Spring 2008. Kotler, P, Brown, L, Burton, S, Deans, K, Armstrong, G 2010, Marketing, 8th edn, Pearson Australia, Frenchs Forest, NSW. Liker, J 2003, The Toyota Way: 14 Management Principles from the Worlds Greatest Manufacturer, 1st edn, McGraw-Hill. Martin, R 2010, ‘The age of customer capitalism’, Harvard Business Review, vol. 88, no. 1-2, pp. 8-65. Oster, A, White, T Davis, T 2013, NAB Online Retail Sales Index Indepth report – January 2013, National Australia Bank. Porter, M 1996, ‘What is Strategy? ’, Harvard Business Review, Nov- Dec, pp. 61-78 Ryan, P 2013, Reserve Bank signals dollar frustration, ABC News, viewed 01/03/2013, . Teuber, B 2012, The rise of social media in retail, The Guardian, viewed 3/03/2012, . Thompson , AA, Peteraf, MA, Gamble, JE Strickland III, AJ 2012, Crafting and Executing Strategy: The Quest for Competitive Advantage: Concepts and Cases, 18th edn, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, New York, NY. Thomson, J 2011, 5 reasons big retailers are wrong, Smart Company, viewed 03/03/2013, . Wheelan, T Hunger, J 2012, Strategic Management and Business Policy, 13th Edn, Pearson Education, New Jersey. BUSS 5390 Strategic Management [pic] Click, Pay Collect – Omni-Channel Strategy Threat of New Entrants: Medium Current economic scenario makes retail market less attractive to new players. HVN has established itself in a variety of market space which makes it difficult for new entrants to come and expand rapidly. However, entry to the retail sector via the internet and online shopping platforms has reduced the barriers for new entrants. Threat of Substitute: Low The products sold by HVN have become essential for the modern family . The substitute for current technology is new technology. Threat Buyers – High Development of online shops selling similar products adds pressure to traditional retailers. In current economic scenario retail market is getting highly competitive there by giving customers both choice of substitutes and alternatives. It is a challenge to attract new customers and retain customer loyalty Threat of Suppliers: High Consolidation of suppliers has allowed suppliers to negotiate better terms with retailers. Availability of alternate selling medium such as direct selling, online stores have potential impact on retailers. Threat of Rivals: High Competes with other retailers like David Jones, Myers, Masters who offer similar products and services. The trend towards online purchasing, particularly of electronic products, has increased over the last several years and retailers have discounted heavily to retain sales in the stores. 7

stomach essays

stomach essays Digestion is the process by which your body breaks down food into smaller chemical compounds. Its necessary because the body needs the food in smaller molecules of nutrients before it can be absorbed into the blood. You cant feel yourself digesting the food, but you know its happening because when you excrete it back out, it looks different. So how does it all happen? It begins in your mouth. When you chew on the food, you break it down into smaller pieces so you can swallow. Saliva also helps out by breaking down the food further and it makes the food mushy and easier to swallow. This step should only take a few seconds to complete. The windpipe is also at the back of the throat, so when you swallow, a small flap of skin closes up the windpipe. Sometimes, when you swallow, the flap doesnt have enough time to close and you choke on your food. When you swallow, the good goes through your esophagus. It goes through by peristalsis, which is made up of muscles which causes waves that push the food through. This is why you can swallow even when youre upside down and gravity wont pull the food back out. A valve that opens up to allow food to pass through leads to the stomach where the next step takes place. This also takes several seconds. Inside the stomach, the food is mixed with gastric juices inside the stomach. Those gastric juices break down the food and create a liquid mixture. The muscles inside the stomach churn the gastric juice and food together. This step can take up to three and a half hours. The stomach then pushes the food into the small intestines. The small intestines are actually a lot longer than the large intestines, but the large intestines are thicker. The small intestines separate the food into several different categories like fats, carbohydrates, minerals, proteins, and vitamins. It does this with the help of your gallbladder, liver, and pancreas. The p...

Network Routing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Network Routing - Assignment Example In this algorithm, whenever a status of the link changes, a routing update is exchanged between the routers; this routing update is called a Link-State Advertisement (LSA).   When routers receive this LSA routing update they recalculate the shortest path using link-state protocols to affected destinations.   Link-state routing constantly tries to keep complete networks topology by updating its routing table whenever a status of any link is changed in the network. Every router builds a map of the full network topology. OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is an example of Link State protocol.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In distance vector protocols, routers are updated about remote networks with the help of neighbouring routers using Bellman Ford algorithm. The distance part defines the total number of hops towards the destination, while in highly developed routing protocols these hops can be weighted by components such as delay and bandwidth available. The vector in distance-vector describes which hop to move as the next step along the direction (path) for this route. This routing information is passed on using neighbouring routers with routing table up to date by using update packets. The requirement here is to design a network for an International Travel Agency that has a HQ in London and its two remote branches in Paris and Rome. An open standard dynamic routing protocol is required for the communication between all the routers. Configuration of routing protocol on all the three sites must be as per the requirement advertisement of routes to all directly connected networks except the loopback interface attached to London HQ. Network design for an International Travel Agency (ITA) is demonstrated in this report. Head Office of the ITA located in London, United Kingdom, and it is connected with branch offices at Paris and Rome. The Headquarters are directly connected with both the branches while both

History of the United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

History of the United States - Essay Example Lincoln's Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction offered pardon to southern whites who took an oath of allegiance to the U.S. and accepted the abolition of slavery. Significantly, the Reconstruction period from 1865 to 1877 witnessed hostilities between the North and South and President Andrew Johnson was assassinated over the issue of reconstruction policy. "However, Radical Republicans in Congress wanted to punish the South for seceding from the Union. These two factions argued over Reconstruction policies and created further ill will between the North and South. Racism in the South also prevented the newly freed slaves from achieving equality in the political, economic, and social arenas of American life." (United States History to 1877) Therefore, Reconstruction in the United States which attempted to give meaning to the freedom that the former slaves had achieved was a long process which lasted from 1865 to 1877 and this paper makes a profound analysis of the reconstruction policies of Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson, and the Radical Republicans. Abraham Lincoln made a vital step towards Reconstruction in the United States when he maintained that the freed slaves in the nation should be granted the rights of the American citizens instead of being urged to leave the country. The reconstruction process of President Lincoln gained the support of his loyal and reconstructed Unionists and this was an essential factor in the success of his policies. According to the reconstruction process of President Lincoln, the national government exerted an unprecedented amount of power to free the salves and guarantee their equal rights as free citizens. "That is why the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution contained clauses that 'Congress shall have power' to enforce these provisions for liberty and equal rights." (Reconstruction, 1863-1877) Significantly, Lincoln's reconstruction policy is best illustrated by the famous phrase in his Second Inaugural Address: 'With malice toward none, with charity for all' an d he was not able to complete the process of reconstruction due to his assassination in April 1865. After the death of Lincoln, Andrew Johnson was elevated to the Presidency of the United States and he was the only U.S. Senator from the South not to resign in 1861. The reconstruction policies of Andrew Johnson marked the formal completion of Reconstruction. Andrew Johnson's reconstruction policies reflected his firm belief in states' rights, his vigorous opposition of black suffrage, and the intense hatred of the pre-war Southern plantation aristocracy. Although the official reason for the impeachment of Andrew Johnson was that he had violated the Tenure of Office Act, the real reason was his stubborn defiance of Congress on reconstruction. According to Johnson's reconstruction policies, the states had to swear allegiance to the Union and ratify the 13th amendment in order to reenter the Union. He was willing to pardon high-ranking Confederate officers and "favored states' rights on issues such as giving African Americans the right to vote." He "did not support the Freedman's Burea u and "took a conciliatory approach". (United States History to 1877) In comparison, the reconstruction policies of the Radical Republicans were opposed to those of Abraham Lincoln and Andrew

Short Story Sonny Blues Essay Example for Free

Short Story Sonny Blues Essay It kept melting, sending trickles of ice water all up and down my veins, but it never got less. † (Baldwin 600) This is not the only time that the ice presents itself. It reappears when the narrator meets one of Sonny’s friends who is also a drug addict, and again later when Sonny is over for dinner with the narrator’s family. The ice that appears whenever the narrator feels an uncomfortable or painful situation represents how the narrator is incapable of dealing with his own emotions well. The ice also allows the reader to empathize with how the narrator feels about how his brother is leading his life. Another symbol Baldwin uses throughout Sonny’s Blues is light and darkness. Throughout the story there is a contrast of light and darkness. For example, in the first paragraph of the story, Sonny’s Blues Baldwin writes, â€Å"I stared at it in the swinging lights of the subway car, and in the faces and bodies of the people, and in my own face, trapped in the darkness which roared outside. † (Baldwin 599) This contrasts the lightness and the darkness. It demonstrates the contrast between his own suffering and the world around him and the suffering of the world. Another example of lightness and darkness Baldwin uses in the short story is when the narrator’s mother is recalling the story of the narrator’s father and his brother she says â€Å"there was a moon that night, it was bright like day. † (Baldwin 607) This is when the narrator’s father and his brother are having a good time and walking home. This brightness of the moon is used to represent the light, which represents all the hope and good things in life. The narrator’s mother later recalls, â€Å"he says he never in his life seen anything as dark as that road after the lights of that car had gone away. (Baldwin 608) Referring to after the narrator’s father’s brother had been hit and killed. The color of the men’s skin also represents the contrast between light and darkness. The men that killed the narrator’s father’s brother were all white and the other two men were dark skinned. This is also an example of the con trasting of light and dark. This shows how the difference of something in the same situation can both have two different results. Meaning that both the light men and the dark men were drunk. They were each also having fun. The situations were both similar, but the end results of each situation were very different. One of the dark men lost their life to the light men. The darkness is used to represent the tormenting and dark moments in the characters lives. The darkness however is always stabilized with lightness. Just like the dark road was stabilized with the lightness of the car lights. This light is used to signify safety and comfort, while the darkness represents the turmoil also looking to destroy that safety and comfort. Another way Baldwin symbolizes the overall theme of suffering is through the character’s facial expressions and interactions. Baldwin writes â€Å"And I watched her face as she laughingly responded to something someone said to her, still keeping time to the music. When she smiled one saw the little girl, one sensed the doomed, still struggling women beneath the battered face of the semi-whore. † (Baldwin 602) This shows that even under her â€Å"battered face† there was still a glimpse of when she was young. The narrator can see her as a young innocent little girl. This shows the reader that there is hope even in suffering. Baldwin is also trying to get his point across that even though one may suffer, the suffering will not change the past and whom you are or have become. Another example of how Baldwin incorporates the facial expressions of his characters to help promote the overall theme of suffering is when the narrator is on the subway in the first few sentences of the short story. He writes, â€Å"I stared at it in the swinging lights of the subway car, and in the faces of the bodies of the people, and in my own face, trapped in the darkness. † (Baldwin 600) This illustrates that not only does the narrator feel and see suffering inside himself and his own face, but he also sees it inside the faces of others and the surroundings around him. This also proves that the overall effect of suffering is visible to one who is suffering themselves, like that of the narrators. Baldwin also promotes the theme of Sonny’s Blues by using the presence of music. The entire short story is loaded with occasions of music. The overall title of the story even contains music. â€Å"Sonny’s Blues†, promotes the tone and theme of suffering throughout the entire story. It provides the reader with information that there will be suffering in the story. Giving them an idea of what is to come before even being read. Another example of music is Sonny’s growing love for playing the piano. The narrator states â€Å"†¦Sonny was so serious about his music and how, as soon as he came in from school, †¦he went straight to that piano and stayed there until suppertime. †, â€Å"He was at the piano all day Saturday and all day Sunday. † (Baldwin 612) This tells the reader of Sonny’s love for music. It illustrates how the music is Sonny’s safety and allows him to not suffer. When Baldwin makes it clear to the reader that Isabel and her mother grow tired of the music, â€Å"it wasn’t like living with a person at all, it was like living with sound. And the sound didn’t make any sense to her, didn’t make any sense to any of them – naturally. (Baldwin 612) This proves that music can both heal suffering but also create it. The music for Sonny was a safety. To Sonny the music made him feel at ease and helped to subside his suffering. It wasn’t until after Sonny stopped playing the piano and his records that he began to truly feel the power of his suffering. Although the music was a medicine to Sonny’s suffering, it was the cause of suffering for Isabel and her mother. This suffering caused Isabel’s mother to snap and yell at Sonny. This caused Sonny to stop playing the piano and thus the true suffering began. Another example of suffering and music is when the narrator witnesses the meeting on the corner. He watches the battered people play their music and notices their suffering. He says, â€Å"As the singing filled the air the watching, listening faces underwent a change, the eyes focusing on something within; the music seemed to soothe a poison out of them; and time seemed, nearly, to fall away from the sullen, belligerent, battered faces, as though they were fleeing back to their first condition, while dreaming of their last. † (Baldwin 615) Showing again how music can be a safety and a rescuer to not only Sonny but others as well. By the narrator stating this it shows that it is noticeable of the change in expression music brings as it lessens the sufferings of those who play. â€Å"Sonny’s fingers filled the air with life, his life. † (Baldwin 620) Near the end of Baldwin’s story Sonny plays his music once again. To most, the music Sonny plays is merely for entertainment. But to some it is a story, Sonny’s story. As Sonny plays, the narrator notices the things his brother has been through and felt. While Sonny plays the narrator notices both his brother’s suffering as well as his own.